Revolt of the masses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Revolt of the majority - Essay Example As per the Revolt of the Masses by Jose Ortega the majority has been portrayed in itemized to mean a huge number that is considered through the numbers. He represents the majority as an assortment of numbers that are discriminative against the minority. He portrays on another sociological request that he alluded to as the majority, which he likewise says is certainly not an only a customary individual and isn't related with a specific position or class. The depiction he provides for the majority is that they are those individuals who are results of recorded advancement of the European countries, the individuals who were conceived without precedent for Europe.According to the portrayal of Ortega to the majority isn't agreeable as he depicts them as the individuals who can't be depicted by any discipline.The portrayal Ortega provides for the majority is that they gangs no quality that can be identified with greatness and as he obtains from Goethe, he portrays them as ‘to live how ever one sees fit plebian’.He resources that the mass man requests more than what is assume to be concurred to them and have an inclination that it is their entitlement to have it when just a century ago,a gathering of individuals considered minority looked at that as a benefit. The commitment of Ortega for this situation shows that he inferred that the nineteenths century gave grounds to the advancement of a remarkable part that would establishes a prevailing social power come the twentieth century.This he said was not going to be a channel for the improvement of noble culture that had been the way of life for a number the whole thousand years. Who are the minorities? As opposed to the majority, Ortega had an alternate thought for the minorities whom he portrayed as those with capabilities not at all like the majority whom he considered not to be qualified. Ortega believes the minorities to be the most dynamic individuals in the general public and who attempts to make soundn ess in the manner socio-policy driven issues are overseen. While the majority are uninformed about what they should interest for, the minorities consider those that are requested by the majority to be benefits (Gasset 111). The minorities are aware of a lot of things in the cultural set up and are seen to be dynamic in their dealings, which is unadulterated in opposition to the majority. The minority are viewed as better that the majority since they are progressively qualified, they utilize their capability to legitimize issues and are associated with rising above the way of life of tyranny and dictatorship. The minority have devoted their endeavors to guarantee that there is ne request in the general public that takes into account equity for each of the, a framework that will give a level field to managing all individuals unimportant of the cultural status. These characteristics were delineated by Ortega and chose to consider the minority as the most favored individuals against the majority that is by all accounts careful about themselves. End and appraisal of Ortega’s View A cautious read of Ortega’s writing would give one a feeling of comprehension of what the mass man is, Ortega depicts the mass man as one who is narcissistic and don't have a sentiment of the rest, they would prefer not to acknowledges other culture or see them thrive and proficient on anything. They are extremely discriminative on everything the minority does; an old style model that can be connected for this situation is the nearness of the Jews in Germany, the Jews were viewed as the minorities in and confronted the most severe segregation on the planet. Under the administration of Adolf Hitler who likewise was a firm Nazi supporter, a large portion of the Jews in Germany were oppressed in millions and one frequency that can be cited for this situation is the holocaust occurrence wherein million of the individuals were executed. Ortega’s sees in the Revolt of the Ma sses unmistakably clarified the animosity inclination of the majority towards the minority. Ortega clarification of the majority was later showed in Europe when the minorities were oppressed,

List of Indian States and Union Territories

Rundown of Indian States and Union Territories The Republic of India is a nation that involves a large portion of the Indian subcontinent in southern Asia and is the second most crowded nation on the planet. It has a long history yet today is viewed as a creating country just as the universes biggest majority rules system. India is a government republic that comprises of 28 states and seven association domains. These Indian states have their own chosen governments for neighborhood organization. Delhi A city and association domain in northern India, Delhi is one of the countrys most significant territories, partially in light of the fact that it is home to New Delhi, Indias capital. Every one of the three parts of Indias government, including Parliament and the legal executive, are based here. Delhi has a populace of more than 16 million individuals. The fundamental religions are Hinduism, Islam, and Sikhism, and the essential dialects are Hindi, Punjabi, and Urdu. Delhis memorable sanctuaries incorporate the Hindu Swaminarayan Akshardham complex, the Sikh Gurudwara Bangla Sahib, and the Islamic Jama Masjid. The Lotus Temple, a Bahã ­ House of Worship, is maybe the most great structure in the city; it is made out of 27 marble petals encasing a focal lobby that seats 1,300. The sanctuary is one of the most visited works on the planet. Uttar Pradesh With a populace of more than 200 million individuals, Uttar Pradesh is the most crowded state in India. The territory is huge to such an extent that it is separated into 75 authoritative locale. The official language of the state is Hindi, however a little segment of the populace communicates in Urdu. The states economy depends on farming, with an emphasis on the creation of wheat and sugarcane. Uttar Pradesh is one of the top traveler goals in India; its most renowned locales incorporate the Taj Mahal and the Agra Fort. The previous was worked in the mid 1600s as a sepulcher for Mumtaz Mahal, the spouse of Mughal head Shah Jahan. The last was a walled city utilized by the Mughal sovereigns during the 1500s and mid 1600s. Maharashtra Maharashtra is the second most crowded state after Uttar Pradesh. It is home to Mumbai, the most crowded city in India, which was settled in the mid 1500s. The citys compositional marvels incorporate the Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus, a railroad station worked in the Victorian Gothic style in 1888. Maharashtras economy is sorted out around assembling, innovation, exchange, administrations, and the travel industry. The state is additionally the focal point of Bollywood film creation, which produces billions of dollars every year. Since the 1970s, India has created a bigger number of motion pictures every year than even the United States; the movies are famous across South Asia and in different pieces of the world, including Russia. Bihar Situated in upper east India, Bihar was verifiably a focal point of intensity. Out of Magadha, an antiquated realm in Bihar, emerged the religions of Jainism and Buddhism, which are still broadly rehearsed in India today. Bihars economy is basically administration based, with littler parts committed to horticulture and industry. The essential dialects are Hindi, Maithili, and Urdu. A special style of craftsmanship known as Mithila painting started in Bihar; works in this style are generally painted with straightforward materials, for example, fingers and twigs. The works of art include brilliant hues and perplexing geometric examples. West Bengal The fourth most crowded state in India, West Bengal is home to ethnic Bengalis who make up the vast majority of the states populace. Bengali culture is known for its rich abstract legacy; one Bengali author, Rabindranath Tagore, was the main Asian to win a Nobel Prize. Outstanding Bengali workmanship incorporates the states antiquated earthenware sanctuaries and the artistic creations of Abanindranath Tagore (Rabindranaths nephew). Hinduism is the fundamental religion in West Bengal, and the state is known for its detailed celebrations, including Durga Puja, a yearly festival that keeps going five days. Other significant festivals in West Bengal incorporate Pahela Baishakh (the Bengali New Year), Holi (the celebration of lights), Ratha Yatra (a Hindu festival to pay tribute to Jagannath), and Eid al-Fitr (a Muslim festival that happens toward the finish of Ramadan). Vesak, or Buddha Day, is an occasion that denotes the introduction of Gautama Buddha. Different States Indias different states and association regions incorporate Tamil Nadu, a state known for its noteworthy sanctuaries, and Gujarat, the home of the indigenous Gujarati individuals. State Populace Capital Territory Andhra Pradesh 76,210,007 Hyderabad 106,195 square miles Tamil Nadu 62,405,679 Chennai 50,216 square miles Madhya Pradesh 60,348,023 Bhopal 119,014 square miles Rajasthan 56,507,188 Jaipur 132,139 square miles Karnataka 52,850,562 Bangalore 74,051 square miles Gujarat 50,671,017 Gandhinagar 75,685 square miles Orissa 36,804,660 Bhubaneswar 60,119 square miles Kerala 31,841,374 Thiruvananthapuram 15,005 square miles Jharkhand 26,945,829 Ranchi 30,778 square miles Assam 26,655,528 Dispur 30,285 square miles Punjab 24,358,999 Chandigarh 19,445 square miles Haryana 21,144,564 Chandigarh 17,070 square miles Chhattisgarh 20,833,803 Raipur 52,197 square miles Jammu and Kashmir 10,143,700 Jammu and Srinagar 85,806 square miles Uttarakhand 8,489,349 Dehradun 20,650 square miles Himachal Pradesh 6,077,900 Shimla 21,495 square miles Tripura 3,199,203 Agartala 4,049 square miles Meghalaya 2,318,822 Shillong 8,660 square miles Manipur 2,166,788 Imphal 8,620 square miles Nagaland 1,990,036 Kohima 6,401 square miles Goa 1,347,668 Panaji 1,430 square miles Arunachal Pradesh 1,097,968 Itanagar 32,333 square miles Mizoram 888,573 Aizawl 8,139 square miles Sikkim 540,851 Gangtok 2,740 square miles

Organizational Diversity Management †Myassignmenthelp.com

Question - What is the significance of comprehension and overseeing assorted variety in the workforce so as to improve an associations execution? Answer - Introduction The significance of hierarchical decent variety is the various manners by which all the qualities inside a specific work unit fluctuate from one another as far as their sex, race, age, training, or even the utilitarian foundation. Despite the fact that assorted variety may happen with respect to any of their attributes the fundamental point will be on the methods for decent variety which is identified with its steadiness, their known highlights and furthermore their segment ideas. Subsequently to see how these qualities will shape the organization its essential to consider the authoritative conduct of that association. A number association talks about the advantages of authoritative decent variety and they think that its hard to oversee assorted variety in the correct manner.Therefore the benefit of having a various work environment helps in settling on more excellent choices. The individuals who work in an increasingly various working environment have alternate points of view and se ntiments. These people regularly have progressively elective ways and think in an increasingly innovative manner when deciding (Pollar et al (1994). The colleagues consider different answers for take care of these issues in various manners. Subsequently this examination shows that these associations bring about creation more excellent choices. Thusly it is fundamental to have this sort of an assorted workforce which has a tremendous effect on the organization and furthermore expands its imagination in dynamic. At the point when the segment power and an expansion in the business globalization consolidate then the administration faces numerous social contrasts which are identified with the corporate world. Assorted variety likewise brings forth numerous methodologies and old practices where there were long-standing issues. These adjustments in a difficult situation for the people. Consequently the individuals who have solid conclusions with respect to specific gatherings may discover these adjustments in the socioeconomics of the work power testing since they hold a place that will be unable to keep up the gatherings that are expelled from their work place and are permitted to contend so as to accomplish their positions. An organization which has an assorted variety the executives workforce will have administrations that are valued by a bigger region of clients. Numerous organizations like PepsiCo had the option to build the level of minorities in numerous degrees of the organization which likewise included hierarchical administration. These associations encountered a major development and furthermore increased high income from the consequence of the decent variety endeavors that were made by the items propelled. Diffrenet associations utilize diverse administration systems to ensure that it proficiently helps in the working of the association. Henceforth an administration framework that expels the distinctions found in a multicultural workforce regularly brings an elevated level of efficiency for the associations just as the person. Along these lines overseeing assorted variety can likewise be characterized as the progressing procedure that investigates the various capacities and gifts which help in achieving a different network and society that incorporates a perfect climate without any distinctions and furthermore makes individuals experience a various and maximum capacity condition which has a social setting where each individual advantages from multiculturalism as the most ideal method of overseeing decent variety. In the underlying stage the administration followed a technique called blend way to deal with contrasts in the workforce (King, Albert S (1995). It was this methodology that w ould have little effect with the dominant part bunch yet later was seen that the representatives didn't put aside their convictions, ways of life and qualities when they come to work. Consequently it is fundamental to perceive these qualities and contrasts by learning the administration rehearses that identify with various ways of life and work styles remembered for the assorted gathering. Along these lines assorted variety the executives additionally helps in making a culture that bolsters all the workers who successfully deal with the association. By making such an air it is significant that the administration should bolster the working environment unequivocally and its decent variety as the companys point and furthermore remember hardly any various procedures for their business techniques. Consequently assorted variety the executives likewise gives a bit of leeway in the adaptability and imagination zones which are the fundamental key to rivalry of the association and results in making an adaptable and versatile association which is profited by the clients. Subsequently a heterogeneous gathering has consistently helped in procuring better outcomes and arrangements that has a more elevated level of breaking down the systems in an increasingly basic manner. This investigation assumes a significant job when the organization is confronting significant changes and self-assessment to think of progressively viable ways for working the association (Sippola, A.et al (2007). This kind of powerful administration of assorted variety helps in building up an all the more all around presumed organization and will likewise be able to draw out the best ability from different associations that are suffocating and this additionally is timesaving in enrollment and lesser cash is utilized in the turnover costs. The organization assumes its job of an open part by demonstrating the decent variety of the organization and furthermore helps in the expanding request to offer types of assistance to a wide number of clients. Subsequently these outcome in the foundation of not many asset administrators who have seen the need to adjust these distinctive administration rehearses with the goal that they can beat the issues of this broadening which brings about giving great outcomes in the working environment. These speculations target expanding the portrayal of people that originate from different social foundations in the association (Goffee et al (1997). The primary point of this methodology is to change the associations culture by changing the segment substance of the workforce. The following methodology is the affectability of broadening where it empowers the association to see the potential challenges that are assembled by the people from different foundations and societies in the work environment. Henceforth by various preparing these challenges can be sifted through for the workers who target diminishing separation and help in advancing correspondence joint ef fort. The third factor is known as social review in which the challenges that the representatives of assorted foundations experience are distinguished and afterward the organization is altered in its practices appropriately. The review is performed by specialists that are from different associations and who get information from studies and gatherings and afterward recognize the territories where representatives are from the higher gathering feel that they are not playing out their best in the association. The last methodology targets picking up the authoritative outcomes by concentrating on decent variety the executives as a methods for accomplishing these closures. In this procedure the directors distinguish the connection between decent variety the executives goals and the ideal authoritative results. In this manner these decisions are seen in the idea of natural factors, for example, the changing work showcase sythesis, the worldwide economy, moving to an assistance economy, and the weights of the administration and the law. Thus by dissecting these methodologies association decide the particular advantages it hopes to pick up from its decent variety the executives and how these are associated with its whole system in the zone of business. End Accordingly it tends to be presumed that there are numerous ways for executing assorted variety the board these accentuation the adjusting powers to the workforce which is expanding in its different administration and to at long last increase an upper hand (PatrickH. A. (2010). Overseeing assorted variety can be partitioned into three fundamental angles these incorporate the intentional idea of the association, the utilization of a wide meaning of decent variety and furthermore at giving advantages to the organization. In this manner by applying these assorted variety the board strategies an organization has numerous points of interest in numerous zones, for example, critical thinking, corporate picture, and advertising. The test of the executives is to evacuate the destructive impacts that join social contrasts just as financial hindrances (OzbilginM. et al (2008). In this manner, the principle point on for an association which applies these administration approaches targets giving a decent helper to organizations to change its projects, yet this doesn't disregard the good and moral missions in any angle. In this way to defeat these restrictions, the association the executives needs to concentrate on expanding the benefits of the organization and furthermore in ensuring it is socially defended in all the angles. References Goffee, Rob Social Diversity InThe Complete MBA Companion.Pitman Publishing, 1997 Ruler, Albert S. Limit with regards to Empathy: Confronting Discrimination in Managing Multicultural Work Force DiversityBusiness Communication Quarterly.December 1995. OzbilginM.,TatliA.(2008).Global decent variety the executives: A proof based approach.London, England:Palgrave PatrickH.A. (2010)Organization culture and its effect on assorted variety receptiveness in the data innovation hierarchical setting Dimensions. Pollar, Odette and Rafael Gonzalez.Dynamic of Diversity: Strategic Programs for your Organization.CrispPublications,1994. Sippola, A. what's more, Smale, A. 2007. The worldwide reconciliation of assorted variety the executives: A longitudinal contextual analysis. Global Journal of Human Resource Management 18:11. The Special Issue of Global Diversity Management.

Guessing on Grid

Teaching a student how to make educated guesses on multiple choice questions is SAT Tutoring 101. For graduate-level SAT tutoring, it is more interesting to examine the smartest way to handle multiple choice’s eccentric cousin, the Student Produced Response or â€Å"grid-in.† Not only can we find ways of improving a student’s guessing chances 400-fold, we can better appreciate how questions and answers are constructed. Guessing on grid-ins may not be for everyone, but the real point is how a deep understanding of a test — not just of the topics — can lead to a higher score. First introduced in 2005 when the SAT I became SAT Reasoning, the grid-in has lived on with the new SAT of 2016. The only change is that the number of grid-ins has grown from 10 to 13. My analysis draws on 498 problems from 48 different tests across a dozen years. Six of the tests are new SATs. Grid-ins make an interesting case study because they have never had a â€Å"guessing penalty.† This creates continuity across the old and new SATs. It’s a waste of time to fill in those bubbles at random because the chances of getting the correct answer that way are astronomically low.† –Advice from a non-Compass blog The above is common advice — I’ve even given it myself — that ignores the fact that not all answers are equally likely. It’s true that filling in bubbles at random would be foolish. For one thing, many combinations (â€Å"encodings†) would be complete nonsense.[1]  There are no circumstances where â€Å"/./.â€Å" or â€Å"1..5† are going to be correct answers. There are a total of 22,308 possible combination of bubbles and blanks (11x13x13x12).   After garbage combinations are eliminated, there are still 17,936 encodings. These valid answers, though, include many duplicates. For example, the value 2 can be bubbled as â€Å"2[blank][blank][blank]†, â€Å"[blank]2[blank][blank]†, â€Å"4/2†,   Ã¢â‚¬Å"2.0†, and 44 additional ways. Since a value — not an encoding — determines if a student’s answer is correct or incorrect, it makes sense to focus on the values. There are 12,700 possible valu es on grid-ins ranging from 0, .001, and .002 all the way to 9998 and 9999. Random Versus Informed If all values were equally as likely to be correct answers (and all questions had a single answer), there would be a 1 in 12,700 chance of a random value being correct on a given problem. Instead, we find that the most popular answers occur better than 1 time in 30. In other words, those high probability choices occur 400 times more frequently than by chance alone. It takes only 40 values to answer almost half of all grid-ins in the dataset! Better than  1 problem in 5 can be answered with the counting numbers 1 through 9. It’s a zero sum game, so where there are winners, we also need losers. Some values do, indeed, have an astronomically low chance of appearing. Below is a table of the most frequently occurring answers. These patterns are not coincidence — they are a fundamental part of how standardized tests are constructed. An item writer is not considering the spread of correct answers across hundreds of items; an item writer is contemplating how to test a specific math standard without veering off into other standards or making the question too calculator-friendly or overloading it with too much extraneous explanation. These limitations mean that item writers can’t easily pull from the full set of possible answers. Over 70% of correct answers occur more than once in the dataset. Wrong answers can be wrong in many ways. Right answers, though, have no choice but to be right. Integers and Non-Integers It’s quite easy to count the number of possible integer answers — 0 to 9999 gives 10,000. Decimals are a bit trickier to count. [Technically integers are decimal numbers, but I’ll use the shorthand of â€Å"decimal to refer to a number requiring a digit to the right of the decimal point.]   From .001 to .999 there are 999 values, because the thousandth place can be bubbled. From 1 to 10, though, only the hundredth place is available (1.01, 1.02, etc.), so we can count another 891 (999). From 10 to 100, only the tenths digit is available (10.1, 10.2, etc.), so there are an additional 810 decimal answers (990). No non-integer values are possible after 99.9. This means that there are a total of 2,700 (999+891+810) decimal values. Winners and Losers Roughly speaking, integer answers become less likely to occur as values increase. The table below arranges 1-digit, 2-digit, 3-digit, and 4-digit integers. Despite the number of possible  values increasing by almost an order of magnitude with each bump, the number of correct answers falls off quickly. There are 9000 integers — more than 70% of all possible values — between 1000 and 9999, inclusive, yet only 1 out of 10 answers falls in that range. Choose a random value from 0-9, and the chances of getting a question right are 1 in 44.   Choose a random value over 1000 and the chances of getting a question right are 1 in 91,000. It hardly bears mentioning that it takes four times as long to bubble a 4-digit answer. Not all 4-digit integers are equally unlikely. There are only so many ways of writing good SAT questions for certain values.   Of the 49 correct answers at 1000 or above, fully 6 of them are 4000. Nine thousand numbers from which to choose, and SAT writers were drawn to the siren call of 4000 more than 12% of the time from this group of values. In fact, 4000 is the most frequently occurring answer on the SAT greater than 25. 1000 (twice) and 1600 (four times) are the only other 4-digit integers showing up multiple times on this sample of 48 tests. Is it easier to write a question where the answer is the result of a simple operation such 40 x 100 or 10^3 or 5^2 x 8^2 or one where the answer is 1287? Walk 4000 miles in an item writer’s shoes. Prime Numbers It should not come as a surprise that â€Å"large† prime numbers such as 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, etc. occur infrequently. They aren’t the product of other whole numbers, are too large — from an SAT problem perspective to be the roots of other integers, are unwieldy as factors or coefficients, and are uncommon in typical ratio problems. Instead, the structure of SAT problems tends to naturally favor values such as 24, 25, 30, 36, and 40. Fractions The flexibility of the grid-in means that question writers don’t have to limit themselves to integers. Of particular value on no calculator or calculator-neutral problems is the ability to encode fractions. A student does not need to know that 1/8 equals .125 when she can simply bubble â€Å"1†, â€Å"/â€Å", â€Å"8†. Given what we saw with integer answers, it is not surprising that the most common fraction answers involve numerators and denominators of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Of the 115 non-integer answers that allowed for fractional encoding, only 8 had both numerators and denominators that fell outside of the 1-5 range — 9/22, 7/15, 8/15, 8/7, 10/7, 15/7, 27/8, and 64/9. Among the 498 answers analyzed, I’d like to nominate 9/22 as the quirkiest. Fractional encoding. 4 columns required. 9 as the first column. A unique denominator. And a repeating decimal that doesn’t repeat until out of view (4.090909†¦ gets encoded as simply 4.09). While all fractions can be encoded as decimals — because the SAT allows rounding and truncation — not all decimals can be encoded as fractions. For example, Practice Test #3 for the new SAT has a question with a correct answer of 58.6. Any attempt to represent this as a fraction — such as 293/5 — would run out of columns. In contrast, 47.5 from the May 2006 SAT fits into the grid as 95/2. Decimal answers that cannot be bubbled as fractions — take 1.02 and 3.84  as additional examples — are uncommon, appearing on only about 1% of problems. Decimals, Ranges, and Sets When looking at the probability of a decimal value qualifying as a correct answer, things get far more complex. Answers with a range of acceptable values have a disproportionate impact. A quirk of the grid-in is that multiple answers/values can be correct. This allows flexibility for item writers to create questions that would not work as multiple-choice problems — something the test makers took advantage of on 23 problems. In the example below, the value must be greater than 0 and less than 1. A student is free to choose any value in that range — .001, 1/3. .5, and .999 are all correct. If we are counting values rather than encodings, there are exactly 999 correct answers. For the student picking values strictly at random, range problems can be a boon. The student would have a 999/12,700 (approximately 8%) chance of guessing an answer that falls between 0 and 1. For the random bubbler, the â€Å"easiest† question from my corpus is one from May 2011 that allowed for any value greater than 0 and less than 2 (1099 correct answers). Unfortunately for the random guesser, these questions are uncommon. Only 5 questions had more than 900 acceptable values. The SAT also allows for a set of answers that is not part of a single range, and this type of question turned up 28 times out of 498 problems. In the example below, 3, 6, and 9 are all correct values. Some of the most frequently correct answers get an extra boost from ranges and sets. The original frequency table can be refined to distinguish between times when an answer is correct as the sole correct value and the times when it is correct as part of a range or set. Amazingly, .001 is  correct on 8 different range problems. The same is true for .002 and about two hundred other small decimals. Rights and Wrongs of Rounding Repeating decimals such as 5.33 (16/3) occur about one problem of every 20. A special case of repeating decimals involves whether to truncate or to round. In the case of 16/3, the problem does not arise, because 5.33 results either way. Students face a choice with 2/3, however, on whether or not to go with .666 or .667. Compass math tutors have patiently explained to thousands of students how either answer is acceptable. Was the time well spent? It turns out that there were 16 questions where the issue arose, so the explanations likely alleviated the occasional bout of anxiety. The new SAT recently had a unique situation where it allowed students to round 43.5 to 43 or 44. This violates the strict interpretation of SAT rounding regulations (43.5 fit within the grid structure, so rounding was not required), but the problem involved miles per hour. College Board apparently felt that some students would assume an integer value even though the problem left this unspecified. It dodged the differing guidance of rounding rules (round up, round down, round to the nearest even) by allowing for both 43 and 44. Leniency over accuracy. Fractions can be rounded to decimals, but decimals cannot be approximated as fractions. If an answer is 64/9 (October 2013 SAT), then 7.11 is acceptable. If the answer were 7.11, though, 64/9 would not be acceptable.   The answer to question 38 on section 4 of the first released new SAT was exactly 6.11. 55/9 would not have been accepted, even though it truncates to 6.11. The point is probably moot, since there is no reason to think that a student would have obtained 55/9 as a solution, especially since the question involved dollars and cents. Staying Rational An irrational number may have squeaked into a grid-in section at some point in its history, but none appeared on any of the 48 tests surveyed. No values of pi, no square root of 2, no cosine  30 º. And the Law Won One of the more peculiar facts about many distributions of values is that they follow Benford’s Law. The first digit of a set of values tends toward a predicted frequency. Benford’s Law can even be used in certain fraud investigations, because fudged data will often violate its predictions. It turns out that grid-ins roughly follow the expected probabilities. Factoring out 0 and questions that allow for multiple correct values leaves 431 problems. Answers where the first non-zero digit is a 1 such as .01, 1.2, and 1459 occur twice as frequently as those beginning with a 2 and almost seven times as frequently as answers beginning with a 9. We saw from the table of the most frequently occurring answers that the value 9 popped up more than the value 1, but when you account for .125 versus .9 and 150 versus 900, 1 dominates as the first digit. Least Likely to Succeed It’s impossible, of course, to identify a â€Å"least likely† answer. Among the 12,700 possible values, I think there are many that will never show up on an SAT. If forced at the tip of a No. 2 pencil — to choose, I’d probably go with a large prime such as 9857. It would also take a gutsy item writer to slip 9999 past the review board. Meet the New Boss, Same as the Old Boss Although the grid-in structure has not changed on the redesigned SAT, the questions have been swept up by the overall test changes. The old SAT allowed for a calculator on all math problems, but a calculator was never required. The new SAT has No Calculator and Calculator math sections with 5 and 8 grid-ins, respectively. Several math problems on the Calculator section will typically provide stumbling blocks for students without calculators. Expecting a student to divide 321 by 7 would have been highly unlikely on the old SAT, but it’s not off-limits on the Calculator section of the new SAT. In theory, this opens up a wider range of questions and answers for the test makers, as there were a limited number of ways of writing a calculator-neutral item with an answer of 7941 on the old SAT. This seems to have played out only on a very limited number of problems (the question with 6.11 as the answer was certainly one of them). Almost 75% of new SAT grid-ins involve values that had previously appeared on at least one of the 42 old SATs in the sample. The new SAT also displays the same predilection to repetition as the old SAT. It only takes nine values to correctly answer 26 different questions — exactly one-third of new SAT grid-ins. In fact, four of the six SAT forms include a question with a correct answer of 7. Guessing 2 on every question would have rewarded a student with two correct answers on Practice Test #3 and produced correct answers on three other forms. The counting digits from 1-9 give 23 correct answers — right in line with what we observed on the old SAT. The Answer to the Ultimate Question of Life No treatise on numbers and answers would be complete without 42. Those who have read The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy know that 42 is the â€Å"Answer to the Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe, and Everything.† It also happens to be the correct answer only once on 48 SATs. If question 15 on section 3 from the January 2009 SAT is, indeed, the ultimate question, then the universe and everything revolves around the shaded region of a rectangle. Will it Raise My Score? The ultimate question for most students, though, is â€Å"Will it raise my score?† The most common correct answers on grid-ins occur approximately one time out of 26. There are 13 grid-ins on each new SAT. A correct answer is worth approximately 10 points. Based on those figures, we can assume that a student who takes dozens of tests with a strategy of answering â€Å"9 on every grid-in will a) be extremely displeased at having to guess on every grid-in on dozens of tests and b) average a score about 5 points higher than she would have with a strategy of leaving every grid-in blank. On a per-problem basis, informed guessing on grid-ins has a return of approximately four-tenths of a point on the 200-800 scale. [Students who make headway on a problem should be making a best guess based on their actual work.] Compass would not have survived if its sole claim to success was raising a student’s average Math SAT score from 320 to 325. I don’t actually expect many students to invest the time or pencil lead in guessing on grid-ins, and I’ve failed them if they find themselves coming up completely empty on more than a few grid-ins (I do expect students to bubble in their best stab at a solution). Why write such a long post about what, then, seems like a minor topic? Because I feel the need to practice what I preach to my students and tutors — detective work pays off in the long-term and is a valuable skill in and of itself. College Board and ACT would like one to believe that the current incarnations of their college admission tests are purely tests of academic achievement and â€Å"college readiness. In fact, the exams reward a host of skills. Like a team of sloppy burglars, test makers leave fingerprints and DNA everywhere. Patterns are left in plain sight. Topics are repeated. Clues are discoverable. If guessing on grid-ins is feasible, one can imagine the possibilities when test makers have already narrowed things from 12,700 suspects to four. Sleuthing skills should join with math knowledge in every student’s approach to testing. Footnote 1A decade ago, Colin Fahey wrote a fascinating dissection of the recently introduced grid-ins as part of a wide-ranging essay on his attempt to get every question wrong on an SAT (see section 8 for grid-ins). Although Guessing on Grid-ins owes a great debt to Fahey, this post approaches the topic with an empirical, rather than theoretical, framework. We now have years of history and dozens of released SATs to analyze. Fahey’s use of grid-ins to send Morse Code, however, is genius.

Eugenics Solving Social Problems Essay - 1203 Words

The melting pot was a movement to solve social problems of the population with the use of technology. Eugenics is the use of science to solve social problems. It is defined as the study of or belief in the possibility of improving the qualities of the human species or a human population, especially by such means as discouraging reproduction by persons having genetic defects or presumed to have inheritable undesirable traits or encouraging reproduction by persons presumed to have inheritable desirable traits. Eugenics is from the Greek meaning â€Å"well-born†, eu (meaning well or good) and gene (meaning born). The idea of eugenics is, to make a society with every one having an over-abundance of highly desirable traits, making the society†¦show more content†¦Eugenicists who study mainly racism believe that southern Europeans, Jews, Africans, and Latinos were predisposed to more defective genes. People that studied Eugenics used a false interpretation of Gregor Mendelà ¢â‚¬â„¢s law on heredity so that they could argue that intelligence and criminality were passed down as hereditary traits. During the early 20th century many countries all over the world had policies for eugenics. There are both positive and negative policies dealing with eugenics. An example of a negative eugenic would be the genocide of Nazi Germany. Since the genocide scientist have looked at eugenics as a flawed science. A positive way that eugenics was used is to make birth control available to not have children. President Theodore Roosevelt wrote, â€Å"it is obvious that if in the future racial qualities are to be improved, the improving must be wrought mainly by favoring the fecundity of the worthy types† (Chase, p.15). In 1907 Indiana was the first state to establish such law. Within the next thirty years about 27 other states also had laws. Over 60,000 sterilizations were preformed in America by 1964. In 1896, Connecticut passed the first law prohibiting marriage on eugenic grounds. Funds from Carnegie and Rockefeller prompted Davenport to promote eugenics nation wide. In 1914 his partner, Harry Laughlin, published a model eugenics law. This model law called for legalized sterilization for the socially inadequate (those supported in part or entirely atShow MoreRelatedGenetic Engineering in Humans Essay873 Words   |  4 Pagessociety, almost like the society Adolf Hitler had in mind. In the minds of some scientists genetic engineering for pre-birth enhancement is a potential for disaster. Disputes surrounding the definition of humanity, a threat to freedom of action, and eugenics question the moral ethics of genetic engineering, yet there is still belief that pre-birth enhancement will benefit society. Humanity is expressed by distinct attributes that characterize humans. Being able to think, imagine, reason, laugh, andRead More Altering Human Genome Essay1424 Words   |  6 Pagesmodify our chromosomes not only presents to us the vast possibilities, but also burdens us with a plethora of responsibilities dealing with the ethical issues. Genetic engineering allows the scientists to advance their studies in the field of eugenics, a science that deals with the improvement of hereditary qualities of a race or breed. There are numerous people in the world that were born or will be born with a certain genetic defect. In the olden days of the purely physical of Darwinist survivalRead MoreGattaca And The Short Story1713 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"Nine Lives,† exemplifies the ethics of altering human life at the genetic level, through techniques of genetic engineering. 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But science as a subject of study is not the cause for any of this, it is the human beings that attempt to use science as a tool for their own personal, social, economic, or political furtherment, that should be called upon to dissect this. Science can, and should, be used as a tool towards progress because it is up to those who use science to direct it in the direction of progress. As it stands, scienceRead MoreIntelligence And Concepts Of Modern Day Society1721 Words   |  7 Pagesman, in particular, phycolo gist Robert Sternberg believed in the list is accurate but believed in boiling it down to 3 central intelligence, analytical intelligence, creative intelligence and practical intelligence. These three categories Intel problem solving, decision making and abstract thought. Even with sub-categories that research had provided, research has suggested that there is still an underlining factor that connects all of these traits, the research is open-ended and still foreign. IntelligenceRead MoreThe Government As An Intermediate Agency2120 Words   |  9 Pagesthe moral person always governs himself, what, for him, is the moral relevance of having a government (besides solving co-ordination problems or altering the factual setting)? The era of wars and terrorism was followed by segregation, racial sub-ordination, and complacence. One report written by senior civil servants in 1934 for the Department of Health actually suggested that the eugenics policies of the Nazi Germany should be adopted in the UK. In 1927 Westminster passed the Mental Deficiency ActRead More Genetic Determinism2854 Words   |  12 Pagesobservable, measurable, or even definable trait. It is a social construction. The concept of inherent, immutable intelligence emerged at the turn of the century as Social Darwinism. The phrase survival of the fittest is often credited to Darwin, but it was actually coined by Herbert Spencer, who began the Social Darwinist movement. 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Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart Exploring the Ibo Culture

Marginalization is the social process of being relegated to the fringe of society. One such example of marginalization is the marginalization of women. This paper is an attempt to explore the Ibo culture and to discuss women as a marginalized group in Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart. Things Fall Apart is a 1958 English novel by Nigerian author Chinua Achebe. Achebe is indebted to Yeats for the title as it has been taken from Yeats’ poem The Second Coming. Achebe is a fastidious, skillful artist and garnered more critical attention than any other African writer. His reputation was soon established after his novel Things Fall Apart. He made a considerable influence over young African writers. It is seen as the archetypal modern African†¦show more content†¦And that is why we say that mother is supreme. (Achebe 122). But Okonkwo gave no response. When he returns after seven years he finds things have changed drastically. White missionaries have established themselves and some people of his village have converted to their religion. Okonkwo tries to rouse his clan to take action against these foreigners and their institutions. He was ready to stand for and fight for his community but others did not feel as strongly as Okonkwo about the new dispensation. Okonkwo’s tragic mood indicates an affirmation of the validity of the past. And movement of the plot indicates acceptance of the present as it is. â€Å"Okonkwo was deeply grieved. And it was not just a personal grief. He mourned for the clan, which he saw breaking up and falling apart and he mourned for the warlike men of Umuofia, who had so unaccountably become soft like women.† (Achebe 165). In a rage he kills one of the white men and then in order to avoid the disgrace of being caught at the hands of white men he commits suicide. T here is a contrast in the way he lived his life and in the way he faces death. His death marks that unchecked manliness complex may result in a disaster. When his kinsmen find his dead body they refuse to touch it and instead asks the white men to bury him. On being asked the reason one of them explains, â€Å"It is against our custom. It is an abomination for a man to take his own life. It is an offence against the Earth,Show MoreRelatedThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe1082 Words   |  5 Pagesvillage head. Many, in this instance, understood things were about to changed. Lives would be ruined, and lives will be saved. We’ve seen many cultural collisions throughout history; such as, Nazi Germany or the Indian Removal in the United States. During the Scramble for Africa many native cultures were compromised and altered. For most tribes this intervention was seen as unnecessary. The Ibo culture was no exception. The majority of the Ibo in Umofia protested foreign influen ce in tribal mattersRead MoreBiography of Chinua Achebe2083 Words   |  9 PagesChinua Achebe: Africa most beloved author The Prominent Igbo writer, famous for his novels describing the effects of western customs and values on traditional African society. Achebe’s satire and his keen ear for spoken language have made him one of the most highly esteemed African writers in English. Chinua Achebe was born in eastern Nigeria on November 16, 1930 Isaiah and Janet Achebe (Bucker pars.1). Isaiah Okafor Achebe was a catechist for the Church Missionary Society and his wife to traveled

Difference Between Fasb and Iasb free essay sample

Major similarities between FASB and IASB: Same organizational structure FASB and IASB are each belongs to an organization that has four main bodies. Also, the internal structure and responsibility assignment of these organizations are basically the same. FASB and IASB are the standard setting board of the organizations. Other three parts of the organizations are there to support the standard setting process, such as selecting board members and deal with emergency issues (Kieso, et al. , p7-9). In addition, both boards have members from varies industries including accounting, finance, business and academia (Virginia Law Business Review, fall 2008, p283). Private entities Both boards are private entities that have been assigned the role and responsibility of developing and deploying Accounting Standards (Virginia Law Business Review, fall 2008, p284). By private, it means the standard setting process is not affected by politics. However, since the governments are also relying on standard set by these private institutions, both FASB and IASB are sensitive to politics to varies degree. We will write a custom essay sample on Difference Between Fasb and Iasb or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Similar procedure of making rules Despite any internal and external influences, the procedure of drafting and publishing Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) are similar. Generally, the process is as follows: discuss whether to add new project to agenda mostly based on recommendations from investors; plan for the project; draft the standard; vote and publish the standard once it is approved(FASB: Financial Accounting Standards Board, n. d). However, since each board has different members and they are setting rules based on its own investor’s concern, also by other external influences, they produce distinct rules. Differentiations between FASB and IASB: Scope of operations The jurisdiction of the IASB could be the whole world of commerce and industry, include EU nations and states, the latter is confined mainly to the United States and its trade partners (Virginia Law Business Review, fall 2008, p303). Because of this, the citizenship of the trustees has become a problem.The IASC Foundation has huge pressure of balancing the culture background of the board member; nevertheless, European members are still the majority of the board with a proportion of nearly 50% (Virginia Law Business Review, fall 2008, p307-308). This problem shows that the IASB standard setting has more outside interference. Political settings Different political settings for FASB and IASB authorized them different degree of independence. In th e US, the standards set by FASB are implemented unless the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) interferes and prevents it for being accepted. However, in the case of IASB, standards set by the IASB do not gain value and authority unless these are passed by the European Commission (EC) (Virginia Law Business Review, fall 2008, p291). Funding The FASB is now financed through an obligatory contribution system, and therefore sheltered against financial influence. The IASB is financially depending on noncompulsory contribution from financial institutions, thus there is relatively huge financial pressure on IASB. Recently IASB has taken significant steps to widen the source of funding but the degree of mprovement varies from countries (Virginia Law Business Review, fall 2008, p292-298). Which approach to support? I would like to say the FASB standard setting approach is more appropriate considering your accounting background. Since many of your clients are Fortune 300 companies who would find FASB more in harmony with their preparation and presentation of periodic accounting statements and records. FASB is also in line with mo st widely accepted accounting norms and practices in the US. With less external influence, more freedom in standard setting and sufficient funds, I believe the FASB standard setting process is more trustworthy.